澳大利亚首都移民区域发展持续性对策研究

Abstract: characteristics of regional development of immigrants: the content of this paper is divided into three parts. The first part summarizes the historical evolution and characteristics of immigrant communities, as well as the connotation and extension of sustainable communities through the combination of induction, deduction and logical analysis; The second part is the actual investigation and analysis part, which focuses on the actual investigation of Sydney immigrant community, and summarizes its historical development, spatial distribution and attribute characteristics. At the same time, it discusses the problems, opportunities and challenges of the sustainable development of immigrant communities; The last part is about the research on the sustainability strategy of Sydney immigrant community in both the physical environment and the non-material environment, which is intended to improve from practice to theory, showing the universality of the master's thesis.

Chapter I Introduction

1.1 background of the research

Although immigrants or floating population provide direct and suitable labor force for the development of regional economy and enrich the diversity of regional culture, they also bring some complex 'urban diseases' and seriously affect the sustainability of urban development; On the other hand, the flow of population is not just the change of spatial position. In the process of this sudden change, they are faced with many differences in heart and behavior, and make corresponding adjustments, adaptations and changes to urban life. This challenge will make them lose their awareness of the city and their confidence in life. From the perspective of urban planning, if we want to understand, analyze and solve this type of problems, we first need to make a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of urbanization and population mobility, one of the basic factors that promote the development of urbanization, from a historical perspective. Because the two are the most direct prerequisites for the formation of immigrant communities. On this basis, we will further explore and study the related issues of immigrant communities.

1.1.2 historical review of urbanization and population mobility in various countries

From the cases of some immigrant countries, we can understand that from the process of population flow to becoming a migrant settling in a certain place, it usually shows the reduction of the population in backward areas and the expansion of the area of developed areas, which is also the direct feature of urbanization. Therefore, the historical evolution of urbanization will indirectly reflect the flow and re settlement of the world population.

The urbanization rate is generally between 30% and 70%. Its characteristics are as follows: the labor productivity of agriculture has been greatly improved, resulting in a large number of rural surplus labor flowing and gathering to cities at all levels; Urban industry absorbs a large number of rural population, and the development of urbanization is rapid and stable. The more obvious country is the United States, whose urbanization level has rapidly climbed from the original 10% to 73%! Figure 1-1). The direct driving force of this rapid development comes from the immigrant group. Its characteristics are as follows: the absolute number of agricultural population and the population engaged in agriculture account for an absolute minority; The migration of agricultural population to cities is no longer the leading force of urbanization, and its employment structure has also changed from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry (Figure 1-2). On the whole, the growth rate of urban population has slowed down significantly and is close to that of the whole country. From this point of view, the development of urbanization has entered an advanced and stable stage. In the 10 years since 1980, the urbanization level of the United States has only increased by 0.5%, while the average growth rate of the urbanization level of the United Kingdom has also dropped to 0.2% '. At this stage, the immigrant group has basically integrated into the local society. At the same time, the growth of the second and third generations of immigrants has improved the influence of their communities.

Some developed areas have experienced anti urbanization, such as Britain and the United States after the 1960s and 1970s. This phenomenon is reflected in the fact that the population, manufacturing, trade and service industries and run industries in the central cities are relocated to the suburbs, and the population and employment in the urban areas are generally reduced. As can be seen from the example of Greater London (Figure 1-3), the trajectory of population flow in Greater London area is actually along the core area of Lingzhong, Jiucheng district (inner London) makes greater London expand the area of Greater London. This trend indirectly divides the location of immigrant communities and the scope of immigrant activities in geographical space. Most of them still live in the central area of the city, but their living environment is extremely poor.

1.1.3 "era significance of sustainable development

‘SustainableDeve! 'opment' is translated into Chinese as' sustainable development ', which has been a subject that has been discussed for a long time and has never been interrupted. As early as at the World Conference on environment and development (CED) in 1987, scholars had defined "sustainable development": "it is the fat power that cuoyapu always needs to decide when he is determined to be a year old, and he hides his feet after he is killed. With the advent of globalization, global village and other new waves, the communication between people in space and time has become more frequent, and the forms of interaction between people and the environment have become more diverse.

How to establish a balance between people, people and the environment and develop in a healthy, equal and harmonious relationship has become the theme of the times. In this context, planners hilipperke and mariaconroy have a deeper understanding of "sustainable development". They believe that sustainable development is a dynamic process. We need to establish a balance among the economic, social and ecological systems, and establish a link between local implementation and the focus of globalization, so as to predict and adapt to the current situation and future.

Chapter II concept and theory overview

2.1 community

The word "community" in English is "commun{ty", which originates from the book "community and society" published by the German sociologist F. Tennessee in 1887. In his book, "community" is a social union based on kinship. In this social union, emotional and natural will occupy an important position, and individual or individual will is restrained by emotional and common will. And "society" It is a combination based on people's contractual relationship and "rational" will. In Tennessee's view, the difference between "community" and "society" is that in "community", emotional will is the dominant, while in "society", rational will is the dominant; In the "community", blood relationship is the link between them, while in the "society", it is the contractual relationship. From this we can see the difference between "community" and "society" when it was first proposed.

2) Discussion on related definitions

In fact, later scholars gave a lot of definitions to the living area where people live together. From the biological point of view, "communlty" is a group of interacting organic communities, which share the environmental area they rule. In the human community, people share the same goals, beliefs, resources, preferences, needs, risks and other conditions. These conditions affect the personality of the people living in them and the degree of their affinity; From a sociological point of view, the concept of community has attracted a lot of controversy. In the middle of the 20th century, there were 94 definitions of community. Traditionally, the definition of "community" agreed by scholars is that the word "community" is often used in a group of people who share common values and live in the same area. They usually organize their living space in a larger unit than the family "Community" can also describe a country and even the whole world. " Community planning is the overall deployment of community development goals, means of realization and human resources in a certain period of time. Specifically, community planning is to make effective use of community resources, reasonably allocate productive forces and urban and rural settlements, improve social and economic benefits, maintain a good ecological environment, and promote community development and construction, so as to formulate a more comprehensive development plan; In contrast, community development means that in urban and rural grass-roots communities, community residents rely on their own strength, with the support of the government and other organizations, to promote planned changes in the community, improve the economic, social and cultural conditions of the community, and improve the quality of life of community residents.

3 overview of the immigrant community in Sydney, Australia 38-58

3.1 overview of Australian immigration 38-44

3.1.1 historical development of Australian immigrants 39-43

3.1.2 causes of immigration 43-44

3.2 Sydney immigrant community study 44-55

3.3 sustainability of local immigrant communities 55-57

3.3.1 existing problems 55-56

3.3.2 opportunities fifty-six

3.3.3 challenges 56-57

3.4 summary of this chapter 57-58

4. Material environment planning and design of Sydney immigrant community 58-74

4.1 flexible community development 58-61

4.1.1 community location characteristics 58-60

4.1.2 discussion on "boundary" of immigrant community 60-61

4.2 humanized neighborhood planning 61-66

4.2.1 mixed functional structure layout 61-62

4.2.2 establishment of sense of place 62-64

4.2.3 identifiable public space 64-66

4.3 diversified architectural design 66-73

4.4 summary of this chapter 73-74

5. Planning and design of intangible environment in Sydney immigrant community 74-83

5.1 sustainability of economic policies 74-76

5.1.1 ways of financial assistance 74-75

5.1.2 land planning policy 75-76

5.2 sustainability of community culture 76-79

5.3 sustainability of environmental protection 79-82

5.4 summary of this chapter 82-83

conclusion

In general, the paper has made a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of Australian immigrant communities and discussed the relevant experience and measures of building sustainable immigrant communities in Sydney. Try to find a new way to the construction and development of immigrant communities from the two aspects of material form and non-material form.

At the beginning of the article, the core issues of the research are put forward, and the significance of the times and the relevant literature review at home and abroad are expounded; The second chapter mainly explains some core concepts, such as community and sustainable development, and tries to summarize the commonness of immigrant community development from its historical evolution and the construction experience of various countries, which provides a theoretical basis for the following empirical research; The third chapter focuses on the research of immigrant communities in Australia and Sydney, including the spatial distribution, evolution mode and location factors of immigrant communities. At the same time, the paper summarizes the problems, opportunities and challenges in the development of sustainable immigrant communities in Sydney; The fourth and fifth chapters are the core chapters of the paper. Starting with the planning and design of the physical environment, the fourth chapter discusses the flexible community development, humanized neighborhood planning and diversified architectural design, and explains how to achieve sustainability in the above three aspects. The fourth chapter turns to the study of non-material environment of immigrant communities, and discusses the ways to achieve its sustainability from three aspects: economic policy, community culture and environmental protection. Figure 6-1 further summarizes the above contents and some ways to achieve sustainable immigrant communities in Sydney.

As a master's thesis of urban planning, it tries to explain and answer the core problems of the article from different angles. Is this attempt really convincing? The author believes that a positive answer should be given: in the process of this exploration, at least we immigrants have a new understanding of the floating population and their communities. Inspired by this understanding, Relevant professionals will make more scientific and reasonable suggestions. Especially for some big cities in China today, this exploration will bring a new opportunity to solve urban problems such as "villages in cities" and "shanty towns".